add truck post

.image-manifest

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# fosscat.com image optimization manifest — do not edit manually
+2aeea48d6df9070f9c500ffa0af9dd58ff3fbb4a8200098a6a224d4bdc1be692  static/images/arch-logo.webp
+49588883b06b4ec5a8e0bc09ca608816c83a0b0d4df158893d00e51fd93d60be  static/images/eagle-wizard.webp
+1db221e53cdab01ddf9847f9c2b56e39e95d8792eaeac775af7426704758ac6f  static/images/elephant-and-blind-men.webp
+a0628903bb9cb0ede12850d31692258db086d5a4ac0850ab91bea92235041345  static/images/ford-f150.webp
+fa1a695caee36958d0ef33187b2c051ac3d7e3daf1bf3f87fe0410f87ccd4d94  static/images/fosscat_icon.webp
+b8e279fc1296c255785b8c6938abc167576e68ad16f76c9e482ec07e36f76ac6  static/images/framework-banner.webp
+3026c3136af7cff1f63f8148af6ad5fc082f41e4622c9cdbe03748ceaabf7fdc  static/images/hammock.webp
+6b778f29cfb98a79bc195ad9313ff90c06b06c3b2c658ab094a8cdb2a46a4e2c  static/images/japan-arrival.webp
+790b7e2f9a2b34333ada91ca37feb1ad219e51ecfd9103d30e50ae402beb19c1  static/images/japan-fuji-town.webp
+25299e08100976e4b64e0b1e1e62aa68fd65515e24206f241ed16e63e4f40306  static/images/japan-fuji.webp
+277eb4cea7f007987f437664ded582edd355e650aa3c083b526006a0dee82805  static/images/japan-mcdonalds.webp
+918ecc79f2ac4a926ee39fe58ab286acbf94a715fab0695eaf2b66cfbee1abc4  static/images/japan-nekomachi.webp
+a5b3a9a08fbccc48e41af6e77cbd9d5d50ff82482bf70e28fadcbcedf4446ee7  static/images/japan-nippori-graveyard.webp
+a7f2129eea90da48a53be5115139786b4bb70429b089478f75a21d3a49f9d7c2  static/images/japan-nippori-walk.webp
+83c301aca3822e953e6c0193a0ac0beb7fc9b3e1dfc48eef2f8fc5bc06b45440  static/images/japan-noodle-cup.webp
+84754eefc88b71ec92abc008f9dddd21b8891e8a1864335ff94d1cc4a03af161  static/images/japan-shinjuku.webp
+396851979b183b195ecdfd30e01d67dab6de3891eaaba043607f6eec5954b43e  static/images/japan-shinjuzu-garden.webp
+66b3456d8d6f670efb1609143dd987ee2540fae4d161ec57882ae0524dc6df33  static/images/japan-spirit-tree.webp
+0b1179ecbc906abc418baa0ae2cb24b7f23128f4c3e748fba3a02d6e3ef55c2a  static/images/monochrome-path.webp
+13196fdb9ae802e1998e1ceeeaff6e774d9962b8a918107d016f63a60b99416f  static/images/nginx-mumble.webp
+bf721881652c94518b2b46dab9c13c9ca05c2211dade76f8cc68ce0c1fb7e481  static/images/ocean-aerial.webp
+c59b6bfe6695c3d82b13375098d4c4f8ac62859e53e7a028d2dee3680f18d6c9  static/images/otto-1.webp
+5814fb056057f022d67e144ad9c66fb2c7bfd2bfb7460eb50f8c33597cde33af  static/images/otto-on-nature-path-algorithm.webp
+29604251ddc2c916e470d77d37a88539888adb3dba45b8ce7c238fdd1aa88e95  static/images/rpi-bookshelf.webp
+160b041274ea70f90484af2bc376f969888d2418dabc51eef55ce05ea306c9b9  static/images/salt-lake-basin-view.webp

content/posts/26-03-07-how-cars-became-trucks.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+date: 2026-03-07T23:30:48-07:00
+description: "From a legal loophole in the 70's, we now deal with tanks on American roads."
+image: "/images/ford-f150.webp"
+lastmod: 2026-03-08T00:07:54-07:00
+showTableOfContents: false
+tags: ["cars", "politics"]
+title: "How Cars Became Trucks"
+type: "post"
+---
+
+# An American Saga
+
+As every great story in the U.S. of A. goes, what started small and mighty is now big and ugly.
+
+The American car manufacturers played a big role in American life and in American government. They represented the heart of this country's manufacturing as well as the force that got everyone where they needed to go.
+
+No other country adopted the car quite so integrally as the United States did.
+
+But, as the [government cracked down on polluting cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)#Regulatory_programs) coupled with the [1973 oil embargo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_oil_crisis), consumer sentiments toward these gas guzzlers started to shift. Car manufacturers were obligated to reach a target MPG of 27.5 of the average car sold in their fleet by 1985.
+
+{{<aside>}}
+I was shocked to learn this was the _average_ MPG of an entire manufacturer's offering. 30 years ago!
+{{</aside>}}
+
+This new legislative requirements for efficiency and safety applied to cars. However, a little slice was cut out for light trucks, work trucks, non-passenger work trucks. Seems like there are multiple terms for it...
+
+Which makes some intuitive sense. A farmer's work truck shouldn't be held to the same standard as a commuting vehicle, its very hard to achieve that sort of fuel efficiency while idling half the day outside the barn.
+
+## The Truck-Shaped Loop-Hole
+
+However, the American car manufacturers notice something interesting:
+People will pay more for bigger cars, we can make bigger cars for cheaper. If we classify them as work trucks they aren't beholden to the same safety regulations, and sell them for a larger margin!
+
+Long story short, massive trucks flood the streets of you average road in the U.S. It's evolved into a collective action problem due to the danger these huge vehicles pose.
+
+With regular cars, there are tighter regulations on the bumper, namely how high off the ground they sit. But for work trucks? No, we gotta get over some rocks, raise that bumper up!
+
+A [great video on the topic (YouTube)](https://www.YouTube.com/watch?v=JPm4de6-eTg) was recently published by Climate Town on YouTube, I enjoy their stuff so I recommend giving it a watch!

scripts/optimize-images.sh

@@ -116,6 +116,52 @@ human_size() {
   fi
 }
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Manifest: track which images have been optimized (skip re-processing)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MANIFEST_FILE=".image-manifest"
+
+manifest_hash() {
+  sha256sum "$1" | cut -d' ' -f1
+}
+
+# Look up a file's stored hash; prints it or empty string if not found
+manifest_lookup() {
+  local file="$1"
+  if [[ -f "$MANIFEST_FILE" ]]; then
+    grep -F "  $file" "$MANIFEST_FILE" 2>/dev/null | head -1 | awk '{print $1}' || true
+  fi
+}
+
+# Update or add a file's hash in the manifest
+manifest_update() {
+  local file="$1"
+  local hash
+  hash=$(manifest_hash "$file")
+
+  if [[ ! -f "$MANIFEST_FILE" ]]; then
+    echo "# fosscat.com image optimization manifest — do not edit manually" > "$MANIFEST_FILE"
+  fi
+
+  # Remove existing entry for this file (if any)
+  if grep -qF "  $file" "$MANIFEST_FILE" 2>/dev/null; then
+    grep -vF "  $file" "$MANIFEST_FILE" > "${MANIFEST_FILE}.tmp"
+    mv "${MANIFEST_FILE}.tmp" "$MANIFEST_FILE"
+  fi
+
+  # Append new entry
+  echo "$hash  $file" >> "$MANIFEST_FILE"
+}
+
+# Remove a file's entry from the manifest
+manifest_remove() {
+  local file="$1"
+  if [[ -f "$MANIFEST_FILE" ]] && grep -qF "  $file" "$MANIFEST_FILE" 2>/dev/null; then
+    grep -vF "  $file" "$MANIFEST_FILE" > "${MANIFEST_FILE}.tmp"
+    mv "${MANIFEST_FILE}.tmp" "$MANIFEST_FILE"
+  fi
+}
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Utility: confirm prompt (respects --yes and --dry-run)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -394,6 +440,9 @@ phase_strip_metadata() {
     exiftool -all= -overwrite_original "$img" 2>/dev/null
     stripped=$((stripped + 1))
     echo -e "  ${GREEN}$fname${NC} — metadata stripped"
+
+    # Update manifest since file content changed
+    manifest_update "$img"
   done
 
   echo ""
@@ -423,6 +472,7 @@ phase_convert() {
         echo -e "  ${DIM}(dry-run) Would delete: $(basename "$img") ($(human_size "$fsize"))${NC}"
       else
         rm -f "$img"
+        manifest_remove "$img"
         echo -e "  ${RED}Deleted:${NC} $(basename "$img") ($(human_size "$fsize"))"
       fi
     done
@@ -430,12 +480,14 @@ phase_convert() {
   fi
 
   echo -e "${BOLD}Converting images to WebP (quality $WEBP_QUALITY, max ${MAX_WIDTH}x${MAX_HEIGHT})${NC}"
-  printf "  %-40s  %-12s  %-12s  %s\n" "FILENAME" "BEFORE" "AFTER" "SAVINGS"
-  printf "  %-40s  %-12s  %-12s  %s\n" "--------" "------" "-----" "-------"
+  printf "  %-40s  %-12s  %-12s  %s\n" "FILENAME" "BEFORE" "AFTER" "STATUS"
+  printf "  %-40s  %-12s  %-12s  %s\n" "--------" "------" "-----" "------"
 
   local total_before=0
   local total_after=0
   local converted=0
+  local skipped=0
+  local resized_only=0
 
   for img in "${image_files[@]}"; do
     [[ -z "$img" ]] && continue
@@ -446,6 +498,7 @@ phase_convert() {
     fname=$(basename "$img")
     local ext="${fname##*.}"
     local base="${fname%.*}"
+    local ext_lower
     ext_lower=$(echo "$ext" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
     local webp_path="$IMAGES_DIR/${base}.webp"
 
@@ -453,14 +506,33 @@ phase_convert() {
     before_size=$(stat -c%s "$img" 2>/dev/null || stat -f%z "$img" 2>/dev/null)
     total_before=$((total_before + before_size))
 
+    # --- Manifest-based skip logic ---
+    local current_hash stored_hash
+    current_hash=$(manifest_hash "$img")
+    stored_hash=$(manifest_lookup "$img")
+
+    if [[ "$ext_lower" == "webp" ]] && [[ "$current_hash" == "$stored_hash" ]] && [[ -n "$stored_hash" ]]; then
+      # Already optimized, hash unchanged — skip entirely
+      total_after=$((total_after + before_size))
+      skipped=$((skipped + 1))
+      printf "  %-40s  %-12s  %-12s  ${DIM}%s${NC}\n" \
+        "$fname" "$(human_size "$before_size")" "—" "already optimized"
+      continue
+    fi
+
     if $DRY_RUN; then
-      echo -e "  ${DIM}(dry-run) Would convert: $fname -> ${base}.webp${NC}"
-      # Estimate: assume 80% reduction for JPEGs, 70% for PNGs, 10% for existing WebP
+      if [[ "$ext_lower" == "webp" ]] && [[ -n "$stored_hash" ]] && [[ "$current_hash" != "$stored_hash" ]]; then
+        echo -e "  ${DIM}(dry-run) $fname — edited, would check dimensions only${NC}"
+      elif [[ "$ext_lower" == "webp" ]] && [[ -z "$stored_hash" ]]; then
+        echo -e "  ${DIM}(dry-run) $fname — new webp, would record in manifest${NC}"
+      else
+        echo -e "  ${DIM}(dry-run) Would convert: $fname -> ${base}.webp${NC}"
+      fi
       local est_after=$before_size
       case "$ext_lower" in
         jpg|jpeg) est_after=$((before_size / 5)) ;;
         png)      est_after=$((before_size / 3)) ;;
-        webp)     est_after=$((before_size * 9 / 10)) ;;
+        webp)     est_after=$before_size ;;
       esac
       total_after=$((total_after + est_after))
       converted=$((converted + 1))
@@ -476,7 +548,47 @@ phase_convert() {
       needs_resize=true
     fi
 
-    # Determine the input for cwebp
+    # --- Already WebP (edited or new): skip lossy re-compression ---
+    if [[ "$ext_lower" == "webp" ]]; then
+      if $needs_resize; then
+        # Resize oversized WebP via ImageMagick (lossless resize, no re-encoding)
+        local tmp_resized
+        tmp_resized=$(mktemp /tmp/optimg_XXXXXX.webp)
+        magick "$img" -resize "${MAX_WIDTH}x${MAX_HEIGHT}>" "$tmp_resized"
+        local new_dims
+        new_dims=$(magick identify -format '%wx%h' "$tmp_resized")
+        mv "$tmp_resized" "$img"
+        info "  Resized $fname: ${cur_width}x${cur_height} -> $new_dims"
+        resized_only=$((resized_only + 1))
+      fi
+
+      # Record in manifest (whether resized or just newly tracked)
+      manifest_update "$img"
+
+      local after_size
+      after_size=$(stat -c%s "$img" 2>/dev/null || stat -f%z "$img" 2>/dev/null)
+      total_after=$((total_after + after_size))
+
+      if $needs_resize; then
+        local savings=0
+        if (( before_size > 0 )); then
+          savings=$(( (before_size - after_size) * 100 / before_size ))
+        fi
+        printf "  %-40s  %-12s  %-12s  ${CYAN}%s${NC}\n" \
+          "$fname" "$(human_size "$before_size")" "$(human_size "$after_size")" "resized (${savings}%)"
+      elif [[ -z "$stored_hash" ]]; then
+        printf "  %-40s  %-12s  %-12s  ${GREEN}%s${NC}\n" \
+          "$fname" "$(human_size "$before_size")" "—" "recorded"
+      else
+        printf "  %-40s  %-12s  %-12s  ${CYAN}%s${NC}\n" \
+          "$fname" "$(human_size "$before_size")" "—" "updated (edited)"
+      fi
+
+      converted=$((converted + 1))
+      continue
+    fi
+
+    # --- Non-WebP image: full convert + compress pipeline ---
     local cwebp_input="$img"
     local tmp_resized=""
 
@@ -488,24 +600,17 @@ phase_convert() {
       cwebp_input="$tmp_resized"
     fi
 
-    # Convert to WebP via cwebp (handles JPEG/PNG/WebP input natively)
-    if [[ "$ext_lower" == "webp" ]] && [[ "$img" == "$webp_path" ]]; then
-      # Same input and output: use temp output
-      local tmp_webp
-      tmp_webp=$(mktemp /tmp/optimg_XXXXXX.webp)
-      cwebp -q "$WEBP_QUALITY" "$cwebp_input" -o "$tmp_webp" 2>/dev/null
-      mv "$tmp_webp" "$webp_path"
-    else
-      cwebp -q "$WEBP_QUALITY" "$cwebp_input" -o "$webp_path" 2>/dev/null
-    fi
+    # Convert to WebP via cwebp
+    cwebp -q "$WEBP_QUALITY" "$cwebp_input" -o "$webp_path" 2>/dev/null
 
     # Cleanup temp file if we resized
     [[ -n "$tmp_resized" ]] && rm -f "$tmp_resized"
 
-    # Step 3: Delete original if it's not already .webp
-    if [[ "$ext_lower" != "webp" ]]; then
-      rm -f "$img"
-    fi
+    # Delete original non-WebP source
+    rm -f "$img"
+
+    # Record the new WebP in the manifest
+    manifest_update "$webp_path"
 
     local after_size
     after_size=$(stat -c%s "$webp_path" 2>/dev/null || stat -f%z "$webp_path" 2>/dev/null)
@@ -529,16 +634,27 @@ phase_convert() {
 
   echo ""
   local total_savings=0
-  if (( total_before > 0 )); then
+  if (( total_before > 0 )) && (( total_after > 0 )); then
     total_savings=$(( (total_before - total_after) * 100 / total_before ))
   fi
-  info "Converted $converted image(s)"
-  info "Total: $(human_size $total_before) -> $(human_size $total_after) (${total_savings}% reduction)"
+  if (( skipped > 0 )); then
+    info "Skipped $skipped already-optimized image(s)"
+  fi
+  if (( resized_only > 0 )); then
+    info "Resized $resized_only edited image(s) (no re-compression)"
+  fi
+  info "Processed $converted image(s)"
+  if (( total_before > total_after )); then
+    info "Total: $(human_size $total_before) -> $(human_size $total_after) (${total_savings}% reduction)"
+  else
+    info "Total size: $(human_size $total_after)"
+  fi
 
   # Save totals for summary
   echo "$total_before" > /tmp/optimg_total_before.txt
   echo "$total_after" > /tmp/optimg_total_after.txt
   echo "$converted" > /tmp/optimg_converted.txt
+  echo "$skipped" > /tmp/optimg_skipped.txt
 }
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -656,10 +772,11 @@ phase_summary() {
     echo ""
   fi
 
-  local total_before total_after converted
+  local total_before total_after converted skipped
   total_before=$(cat /tmp/optimg_total_before.txt 2>/dev/null || cat /tmp/optimg_total_size.txt 2>/dev/null || echo 0)
   total_after=$(cat /tmp/optimg_total_after.txt 2>/dev/null || echo 0)
   converted=$(cat /tmp/optimg_converted.txt 2>/dev/null || echo 0)
+  skipped=$(cat /tmp/optimg_skipped.txt 2>/dev/null || echo 0)
 
   local savings=0
   if (( total_before > 0 )) && (( total_after > 0 )); then
@@ -667,10 +784,41 @@ phase_summary() {
   fi
 
   echo -e "  Images processed:  ${BOLD}$converted${NC}"
-  if (( total_after > 0 )); then
+  if (( skipped > 0 )); then
+    echo -e "  Images skipped:    ${BOLD}$skipped${NC} (already optimized)"
+  fi
+  if (( total_after > 0 )) && (( total_before > total_after )); then
     echo -e "  Size before:       ${BOLD}$(human_size "$total_before")${NC}"
     echo -e "  Size after:        ${BOLD}$(human_size "$total_after")${NC}"
     echo -e "  Total reduction:   ${BOLD}${GREEN}${savings}%${NC}"
+  elif (( total_after > 0 )); then
+    echo -e "  Total size:        ${BOLD}$(human_size "$total_after")${NC}"
+  fi
+
+  # Clean up stale manifest entries (files that no longer exist)
+  if [[ -f "$MANIFEST_FILE" ]] && ! $DRY_RUN; then
+    local stale=0
+    local manifest_tmp
+    manifest_tmp=$(mktemp /tmp/optimg_manifest_XXXXXX.txt)
+    while IFS= read -r line; do
+      # Keep comment lines
+      if [[ "$line" == \#* ]]; then
+        echo "$line" >> "$manifest_tmp"
+        continue
+      fi
+      # Extract filename (second field, after hash + two spaces)
+      local entry_file
+      entry_file=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $2}')
+      if [[ -z "$entry_file" ]] || [[ -f "$entry_file" ]]; then
+        echo "$line" >> "$manifest_tmp"
+      else
+        stale=$((stale + 1))
+      fi
+    done < "$MANIFEST_FILE"
+    mv "$manifest_tmp" "$MANIFEST_FILE"
+    if (( stale > 0 )); then
+      info "Removed $stale stale manifest entry/entries"
+    fi
   fi
 
   echo ""